Free reference·Boundary Law and Real Property Principles

Simultaneous and Sequential Conveyances

Junior/senior rights, the order conveyances were created, and why it controls boundary outcomes.

The hook

Sequential vs. simultaneous determines who gets the excess and who eats the deficiency when measurements don't match deeds. Sequential = senior wins. Simultaneous = everyone shares proportionally. Same starting numbers, drastically different outcomes.

SequentialSenior (1900): full 100 ftJunior (1920): only 90 ftSimultaneous (one plat)Lot 1: 95 ftLot 2: 95 ftBoth deeded 100 ft. Measured total: 190 ft (10 ft deficiency).
Sequential vs. simultaneous distribution. Same parent tract, same measurement deficiency — completely different results for the parcels.
Memorize these

Concepts that show up on the exam

Sequential conveyance
Parcels deeded over time from a parent tract. Senior (earlier) deeds get full call; junior (later) absorb any excess or deficiency.
Simultaneous conveyance
Parcels created at the same instant — a single recorded subdivision plat. All lots share excess/deficiency proportionally.
Senior rights
The earlier-recorded deed wins where it conflicts with later deeds. Order is by RECORDING date, not signing date.
Junior rights
Later parcels take whatever land remains. They benefit from excess (when bounded) and absorb deficiency.
Proportional distribution
For simultaneous: each lot gets (lot deed dimension / sum of deed dimensions) × measured total. Same fraction for everyone.
Try it before you peek

Worked example

The problem
Three lots created by an 1880 plat (simultaneous): deed widths 50, 60, 50 ft. Today's measured total = 156 ft. Compute each lot's width.
Don't fall for these

What trips people up

Calling a subdivision sequential because lots SOLD at different times
The conveyance type is determined by when the LOTS were CREATED (platted), not sold. Same plat = simultaneous, regardless of sale dates.
Forgetting original monuments outrank the math
Even with a deficiency, ORIGINAL MONUMENTS control. Find them first; apply proportional distribution only to gaps where monuments are missing.
Test yourself

How well did it stick?

A quick 5-question check on Simultaneous and Sequential Conveyances. See where you stand and what to review.

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